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IB Environmental Systems and Societies HL - 2026
Questionbank

The IB Environmental Systems and Societies HL (Higher Level) 2026 Questionbank is a great source of practice questions, coming from the entire syllabus! Each question comes with a clear markscheme and solution video, with an experienced IB teacher going through the question step-by-step. The questions are organized by topic and arranged by difficulty, making it the perfect resource for studying a particular concept.

Topic 1

Foundation

Topic 1 All

All Questions in Topic 1 Foundation

Open Study

1.1 - Perspectives

Values, Surveys, Worldviews, EVS, Environmental Movement

Open Study

1.2 - Systems

System Diagrams, Open & Closed Systems, Gaia, Feedback Loops, Equilibrium, Tipping Point, Model, Emergent, Resilience

Open Study

1.3 - Sustainability

Development, Justice, Inequalities, Indicators, Footprint, Biocapacity, SDGs, Planetary Boundaries, Doughnut, Circular

Open Study

Topic 2

Ecology

Topic 2 All

All Questions in Topic 2 Ecology

RV Free

2.1 - Species to Ecosystems

Classification, (A)biotic, Carrying Capacity, Limiting Factors, Population Growth, Sampling, Lincoln, Niche, Life Cycles

RV Free

2.2 - Energy & Biomass

Photosynthesis, Respiration, Thermodynamics, Food Webs, Trophic Level, Productivity, Pyramids, Non-Biodegradeable, Yield

RV Free

2.3 - Biogeochemical Cycles

Sinks, Carbon & Nitrogen Cycle, C-Sequestration, Fossil Fuels, Ocean Acidification, Lithosphere, Corals, Methane, Haber

RV Free

2.5 - Zonation & Succession

Transects, Environmental Gradient, Sere, Pioneer & Climax Communities, r- & K-Strategists, Plagioclimax

RV Free

2.4 - Climate & Biomes

Weather, Tricellular Model, Ocean Currents, Global Warming, Biome Shift, El Niño, Cyclones, Hurricanes, Typhoons

RV Free

Topic 3

Biodiversity & Conservation

Topic 3 All

All Questions in Topic 3 Biodiversity & Conservation

RV Gold

3.1 - Biodiversity & Evolution

Natural Selection, Habitat, Species and Genetic Diversity, Richness & Evenness, Simpson's, Extinctions, Anthropocene

RV Gold

3.2 - Human Impact on Biodiversity

Direct & Indirect Threats, IUCN Red List, Tragedy of the Commons, Biodiversity Hotspots, KBAs, Indigenous Approaches

RV Gold

3.3 - Conservation & Regeneration

Species- & Habitat-based, ex & in situ, CITES, CBD, Flagship & Keystone, Edge Effect, Corridor, Rewilding, Ecotourism

RV Gold

Topic 4

Water

Topic 4 All

All Questions in Topic 4 Water

RV Gold

4.1 - Water Systems

Hydrological Cycle, Glaciers, Groundwater, Run-off, Ocean Acidification, Stratification, Upwelling, Thermohaline

RV Gold

4.2 - Water Access & Use

Hydrological Cycle, Glaciers, Groundwater, Run-off, Ocean Acidification, Stratification, Upwelling, Thermohaline

RV Gold

4.3 - Aquatic Food Systems

Phytoplankton, Macrophytes, Trawling, Ghost Fishing, Max. Sust. Yield, Collapse, MPA, Aquaculture, UNCLOS, Seals, Whales

RV Gold

4.4 - Water Pollution

Sewage, Run-off, Oil, Plastic, BOD, Eutrophication, Algal Bloom, Anoxic & Hypoxic, Indicator Species, Biotic Index, WQI

RV Gold

Topic 5

Land

Topic 5 All

All Questions in Topic 5 Land

RV Gold

5.1 - Soil

Soil Profile, Horizon, Texture, Weathering, Leaching, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sand, Silt, Clay, Humus, Geology

RV Gold

5.2 - Agriculture & Food

Farming, Crops, Livestock, Food Waste, Distribution and Security, Green Revolution, Fertilisers, Soil Conservation, Diet

RV Gold

Topic 6

Atmosphere & Climate Change

Topic 6 All

All Questions in Topic 6 Atmosphere & Climate Change

RV Gold

6.1 - The Atmosphere

Tricellular Model, Greenhouse Effect, GHG, Radiation, Milankovitch Cycles, Glacial-Interglacial, Quaternary, Composition

RV Gold

6.2 - Climate Change - Causes & Impacts

Carbon, Enhanced, Global Warming, Biome Shift, Resilience, Albedo, Methane, Planetary Boundary, Tipping Point, Models

RV Gold

6.3 - Climate Change - Mitigation & Adaptation

Global Action, Decarbonisation, NAPAs, UN, IPCC, Geoengineering, Perspectives, Tragedy of the Commons

RV Gold

6.4 - Stratospheric Ozone

UV Radiation, Mutation, Sunburn, Cataracts, ODS, CFC, HFC, Halogens, Ozone Holes, Montreal Protocol, Planetary Boundary

RV Gold

Topic 7

Natural Resources

Topic 7 All

All Questions in Topic 7 Natural Resources

RV Gold

7.1 - Natural Resources

Natural Capital & Income, Goods, Services, Ecosystem Services, Renewable, Value, Dynamic, Resource Security, SDGs, EIAs

RV Gold

7.2 - Energy Sources

Renewable, Fossil Fuels, Nuclear, Intermittency, Storage, Consumption, Choices, Conservation, Efficiency, Security

RV Gold

7.3 - Solid Waste

SDW, E-Waste, Food, Biohazardous, Pollution, Prevent, Restore, Landfill, Incineration, Recycle, Export, Energy, Compost

RV Gold

Topic 8

Human Populations & Urban Systems

Topic 8 All

All Questions in Topic 8 Human Populations & Urban Systems

RV Gold

8.1 - Human Populations

Births, Deaths, Environmental Migration, TFR, DT, NIR, Life Expectancy, Momentum, Age-Sex Pyramid, Dependency Ratio, DTM

RV Gold

8.2 - Urban Systems & Urban Planning

(Sub)urbanisation, Population Density, Compactness, Infrastructure, Rural-Urban Migration, Green Architecture, Land Use

RV Gold

8.3 - Urban Air Pollution

Primary & Secondary Pollutant, Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, PM, Acid Rain, Smog, Tropospheric Ozone

RV Gold

Tools & Inquiry

All

All Questions in Tools & Inquiry

RV Gold

T1 - Experimental Techniques

Key, Quadrat, Transect, Lincoln, Abiotic Factors, Survey, Sampling, Population, Biomass, BOD, Productivity, Biotic Index

RV Gold

T3 - Mathematical Tools

Calculations, Interpretation of Data, Statistics, Simpson's, Lincoln, NIR, Doubling Time

RV Gold

T4 - Systems & Models

Systems Diagrams, Flow Diagrams, Models, Energy Transfer, Cladograms

RV Gold

I - Investigations

Designing Investigations, Processing Data, Concluding and Evaluating

RV Gold

HL Lenses

All

All Questions in HL Lenses

RV Gold

HL.a - Environmental Law

Justice, Lobbying, Constitution, Local, Transboundary, UN, Conventions, Protocols, Courts, Triibunals, Biorights

RV Gold

HL.b - Environmental Economics

Market Failure, Polluter Pays Principle, 'Green', Tragedy of the Commons, Value, GDP, Growth, Circular, Doughtnut

RV Gold

HL.c - Environmental Ethics

Moral, Values, Instrumental & Intrinsic Value, Moral Standing, Virtue, Consequentialist, Rights-Based, Appeal to Nature

RV Gold

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More IB Environmental Systems and Societies HL - 2026 Resources

Questionbank

All the questions you could need! Sorted by topic and arranged by difficulty, with mark schemes and video solutions for every question.

Case Studies

Original Paper 1-style case studies designed to enhance your skills in analyzing and evaluating data. With varying lengths, difficulty levels, and themes, you can select the ideal practice material for any point in your ESS course.

Practice Exams

Choose your revision tool! Contains topic quizzes for focused study, Revision Village mock exams covering the whole syllabus, and the revision ladder to precisely target your learning.

New

Past Papers

Full worked solutions to all past paper questions, taught by experienced IB instructors.